A Valediction Forbidding Mourning Lyric Poem - 1324 Words

The title of this lyric poem is ‘ A valediction forbidding mourning’ - written by John Donne - in the first person point of view. The speaker is a man and most likely a saint who would not participate in acts that are profane. A valediction is a farewell message. As seen in the title, forbids his wife from sorrowing over their separation, the poet decides to present reasons why his embassy to France will not occasion grief or anxiety. He accomplishes this through a series of conceits - similes and strikingly unusual metaphors. Donne is a metaphysical poet who uses metaphoric conceit in his poems by comparing two incredibly unlike things such as love and demeanors. Death is used as a metaphor in the departure of his wife. First, he†¦show more content†¦This culminates in the brilliant pun on absence, which means not just being elsewhere but lacking the fleshly propinquity and sentience of eyes, lips, and hands mentioned in the subsequent quatrain. The love of the laity is dependent upon things, or body parts. Such love is rudimentary, basic, and carnal. But we by a love so much refined,/That ourselves know not what it is,/ Inter-assured of the mind/ Care less, eyes, lips and hands to miss. The poem concludes with the employment of two conceits or super-ingenious metaphors. The departure of the poet is not a breach or separation but an expansion, Like gold to airy thinness beat. And finally their conjoined souls are a pair of compasses. Anne at home is the fixed foot and leans in the direction of the traveling foot, steadying it and assuring that it will come full circle. (And yes, there is a sexual aspect to and grows erect.) Donne compares the love he shares with his wife to a compass. (Stanza 7 of the poem). Mockery of idealized, sentimental romantic poetry, as in Stanza 2 of the poem. Gross exaggeration (hyperbole). ..In the sixth stanza, Donne begins a paradox, noting that his and his wifes souls are one though they be two; therefore, their souls will always be together even though they are apart. .Stanza 6 also presents a simile, comparing the expansion of their souls to the expansion of beaten gold. ..Donne also uses alliteration extensively. FollowingShow MoreRelatedElements Of Metaphysical Poetry1092 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrate concepts such as love and death. Metaphysical poems have the elements of metaphors, metaphysical conceits, paradoxes, and analogies. Metaphors and metaphysical conceits, a type of extended metaphor, are used to show a connection between two things that are not similar and to prove the speaker’s point in his poem. Paradoxes, statements that seem contradictory but suggest a truth, are used to help readers to think about the subject in the poem in a different way. Analogies, another characteristicRead MoreJohn Donne1376 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Donne is the name in English Literature who gave new direction to the literary activities of his age. He is in a sense founded the metaphysical lyric, which was practiced by scare of writers. As Dowden says, â€Å"We are told that in the decline of the greater poetry of the Elizabethan period, a meta physical school arose and that John Donne was the founder or the first eminent member of this school.† John Donne set up a new tradition in versification by and large Donne must be regarded as an originalRead MoreCharacteristics of Metaphysical Poetry876 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a metaphysical poem? Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets means that the poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially - about love, romantic and sensual; about man s relationship with God - the eternal perspective, and, to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art. Metaphysical poems are lyric poems. They are brief but intense meditations, characterized by striking use of witRead Morethatcher4803 Words   |  20 PagesHopkins, â€Å"The Windhover†, â€Å"I wake and feel the fell of dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2. William Shakespeare, Sonnets 1-7 3. John Donne, â€Å"Valediction Forbidding Mourning†, â€Å"The Flea†, â€Å"Hymn to God, My God in my Sickness† 4. George Herbert, â€Å"The Collar†, â€Å"The Altar†, â€Å"Love III† 5. Andrew Marvell, â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† 6. T.S. Eliot, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, â€Å"Journey of the Magi† 2. Poems for individual reading: 1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 73 (â€Å"That time of year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 2. John Donne, â€Å"Holy Sonnet I† (â€Å"ThouRead MoreMetaphysical Poetry By John Donne1590 Words   |  7 Pagesand roguery, much occupied with secret love-making, elopement, imprisonment, and lawsuit over his marriage, but he later turned a saintly divine and ended as the illustrious Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral, London. His poems can be divided into two categories: â€Å"the youthful love lyrics, published after his death as Songs and Sonnets in 1633, and the later sacred verses†, published in 1624 as Devotions upon Emergent Occasions , which show the intense interest Donne took in the spectacle of mortalityRead MoreThe word Wit has multiple definitions, most of which metaphysical poets use in their distinctive1400 Words   |  6 Pagesmain features of metaphysical poetry and explore the relevance of wit and conceit in relation to John Donne’s works. Furthermore, I will endeavour to make connections between John Donne, the person and John Donne, the poet. By analysing different poems I will draw on Donne’s history, poetic style, and era to ascertain whether Donne’s use of wit is a defect or limitation. The poet, John Donne was born into a Roman Catholic family in London, England in 1572. Although not of the aristocracy, Donne’sRead MoreThe Relationship Between Donnes Religious and Secular Verse.2284 Words   |  10 PagesDonnes love poetry and his religious verse have an extremely close relationship and this manifests itself in the presence of religious imagery and reference in his love poems, the presence of imagery in his religious poems that is more akin to that from courtly love, and in his style and technique. It is this sense of Donnes individuality that creates two types of poetry that, for all their differences, are strikingly similar. The holy sonnets refer to the old love poet characteristics

Richard Cory And The American Dream - 973 Words

Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson represents a life we all strive to achieve. The narrator describes Cory as, â€Å"Richer than a King†, â€Å"gentleman from sole to crown†. Richard Cory not only possess the wealth, his characteristic of being a gentleman makes him even more admirable. The narrator also views Richard Cory’s life as exemplary and states, â€Å"In, fine we thought that he was everything to make us wish that we were in his place†. However, as the poem comes to an end Cory commits suicide showcasing the irony that wealth does not bring happiness as so many of us often believe it will. This story relates to the American dream because we constantly strive to achieve a better life with a career, jobs, good finance and happiness. To†¦show more content†¦They arrive at the store and realize the price of objects there are really high for example the paperweight for four hundred eighty dollars. While, Junebug states, â€Å"I don†™t even have a desk, â€Å"I don’t even have a desk†. Later in the story Sylvia talks about a toy that she describes as, â€Å"tricky toy† and it costs thirty-five dollars. However, she thinks about what her mother would say as she states, â€Å"Thirty-five dollars could buy new bunk beds for Junior and Gretchen’s boy. Thirty-five dollars and the whole household could visit Granddaddy. Nelson in the country. Thirty-five dollars would pay for the rent and the piano bill too.† From this statement it is clear that there is a financial disparity between Sylvia and people who are able (financially) to afford thirty-five dollar toys. Even though, initially Sylvia was opposed to anything that Ms. Moore was trying to teach towards the end of story Sylvia states, â€Å"Miss Moore looks at me sorrowfully, I’m thinkin. And something weird is going on, I can feel it in my chest† This statement shows that Sylvia understood what Ms. Moore was try ing to teach all along this trip that there is a disparity in finance between her and people who buy toys worth thousands dollars. This story shows the economic inequality that exists between the poor and the rich, which can be bridged with the education that is provided in America. The American dream gives an equal chance to have a better life. A and P by John Updike isShow MoreRelatedThe Reality of the American Dream: The Poem Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson999 Words   |  4 Pages As Americans, many of us believe in this principle of the American Dream. The American Dream, in its simplicity, is the notion that anything, especially career wise, is achievable. We usually associate this concept with obtaining material things, such as cars or a fancy house. But, even if you achieve your American Dream, complete with a car and fancy house, does that really mean you achieved happiness? The poem â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson is a testament to this idea that althoughRead MoreEssay about Richard Cory: Comparing Paul Simon and Edwin Robinson623 Words   |  3 Pages Richard Cory poems are a traditional type of poetry found all throughout different time periods. The poems range from the original to song variations, all contributing their own perspectives on what Richard Cory symbolized, and each takes their own distinct form. Richard Cory poetry usual contains the distinct ending of Richard Cory taking his own life, but each poem adds its own variations to this repetitive theme. Throughout the poems, there are also many similar themes, which portray a consistentRead MoreThe Dysfunctional American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dysfunctional American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller In the American society, it is thought that if you work hard, no matter what circumstances, you can become rich and powerful. You can overcome deep poverty to become the richest man alive. This superhuman absurdity is what is referred to as the American Dream. Day after day, Americans struggle to achieve fame and prosperity, only to find failure and heartbreak. The American Dream in todays society is dead and isRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Richard Cory820 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"Richard Cory† is Robinson’s famous poem about a man named Richard Cory who was outwardly wealthy and admirable to many. The poem adopts an overly narrative style. Through this style, the poet is able to detail of the life and timesof Robinson Cory as a loner of the upper social class in America. It is a tale of internal conflict and dissatisfaction experienced by a man who everybody admired. The personadescribes him using finest terms such as ‘gentleman’ to denote of how people of the lowerRead MoreGreat Gatsby Compared to Richard Cory794 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Richard Cory† written by Edwin Arlington Robinson is about a man who appears to be admirable on the exterior but no one is familiar with his interior, which is suffering badly. The narrator talks Richard Cory up by stating, he was richer than a king,(line 9) admirably schooled,(line 10) we thought that he was everything to make us wish that we were in his place.(lines 11-12) Until an abrupt ending to the poem, one calm summer night, went home and put a bullet through his head.(lines 15-16)Read MoreCritical Analysis Of Richard Cory By Edwin Arlington Robinson1069 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Cory I chose to write about the poem Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson. I chose to write about this poem because it interested me, the way the setting and the personality of the protagonist lured me into writing about it. What I liked about this poem was its mysterious ending. This poem relates to our world today because many people are seen as perfect or nearly as perfect, but in their own eyes, theyre in reality, miserable. The poem Richard Cory is about a rich man thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Poem Barbie Doll 871 Words   |  4 PagesIn Marge Piercy’s poem â€Å"Barbie Doll,† the protagonist, a young girl, has all of her imperfections pointed out, while in Edwin Arlington Robinson’s poem â€Å"Richard Cory,† the protagonist, a successful man named Richard Cory, has his seemingly perfect life set as the main focus. However, in both poems the protagonist quite apparently and shockingly commits suicide. Piercy and Robinson also utilize diction and literary elements in different ways to convey a similar feeling for the reader. The subjectRead MoreDreams Deferred And Pleas For Help Unheard : The Effects Of Racism991 Words   |  4 Pages Dreams Deferred and Pleas for Help Unheard: The Effects of Racism Langston Hughes’s poem â€Å"Harlem† and William Faulkner’s â€Å"That Evening Sun† both provide unique and impactful takes on systematic racism in the post-slavery United States. Neither piece explicitly confronts or names the racism depicted in them, illustrating how casual racial prejudice and its effects on its victims are often viewed as inconsequential or innocent – and therefore are dangerously insidious. Both â€Å"Harlem† and â€Å"That EveningRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1182 Words   |  5 Pagesworks The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, â€Å"Money† by William Henry Davies, and â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson, the mutual theme is that greed for money corrupts the general person and tears out all slivers of morality. We see in â€Å"Money† and The Great Gatsby the indication that money brings fair-weather friends, and also that poor people are more jubilant than rich people. Complementary, in â€Å"Richard Cory† and The Great Gatsby, it is suggested that outsiders view the rich as having noRead MoreEssay on Reaching for a Dream in Literature1381 Words   |  6 PagesSelfish Dream Everyone has their dreams and whoever puts all his or her efforts and determination in pursuing that goal is the one who will succeed. However, there are dreamers who have misconceptions about the art of dreaming. In three pieces of literature I have encountered: â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† by Richard Rodriguez, â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry and â€Å"Fences† by August Wilson, its characters fight for their dreams regardless obstacles in their life. Nevertheless, they expose

The Most Recognized Language Architecture Essay Free Essays

The resurgence of the most accepted linguistic communication of Baroque and Renaissance Architecture has been illustrated through some of the major public edifices in the United States. The twentieth century has marked architectural significance in following classical rules with modern attempts. Rockefeller Center is one of the twentieth century ‘s most successful architectural accomplishments. We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Recognized Language Architecture Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The success of this major edifice has been translated as the symbol for the new city, the image of the dream for a healthy and compassionate urban hereafter [ 1 ] . The procedure driving the development of Rockefeller Center works in the mode in which the modernistic manner is woven into the ideological and historical cloth of its clip [ 2 ] . The undertaking had begun as a existent estate development predicated on the Metropolitan Opera Company ‘s desire for a resettled new auditorium [ 3 ] . After the stock market clang of 1929, the Metropolitan Opera Company decided non to make a new place there [ 4 ] . Despite the thick of the depression ongoing, the Rockefeller Center was a undertaking developed by John D. Rockefeller. The undertaking was carried through completion with some concern ; nevertheless even with guess the centre has changed the face of midtown Manhattan. The centre ‘s monumentality marks one of the most dynamic infinites in New York City, and serves as a memorial to commerce every bit good as successful urban infinite. The thought behind the planning does non sum up to â€Å" a metropolis within a metropolis, † nevertheless it was a monumental fragment inserted into a metropolis grid [ 5 ] . Raymond M. Hood who was caput designer of the undertaking squad, was involved with the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design with the Architectural League in New York City. Around the same clip period that the Rockefeller undertaking was developing, the reverse skyscraper emerged as a powerful symbol of modern America [ 6 ] . There are recognizable assorted ways that Raymond M. Hood removes classical vocabulary to accomplish the skyscraper is shown through the distant connexion between Beaux-Arts and modernism in New York. The formality of the Beaux Arts planning was illustrated as axially oriented and ordered dominated most City beautiful design. Beaux Arts manner can be defined through arch and pediment doors, statuary, level roof, rusticated raised first narrative and classical inside informations and accents on order, self-respect and harmoniousness. At the terminal of World War I, this Beaux Arts manner started holding rivals among the modern and international manner architecture. The presence of the Ecole surveies revitalized a new mode with traditional preparation [ 7 ] . This undertaking incorporated landscape, metropolis planning, architecture and art at a degree that any other undertaking has yet to get the better of. The true sharpness of Rockefeller Center was read easy through the quality of its public infinite, which has contributed greatly to the strength of Mid-town Manhattan. The sarcasm is that the public infinites besides inaugurate the internalisation of public unfastened infinite that has come to qualify the American metropolis since the World War II [ 8 ] . This denationalization of public infinite has done so much to weaken the unity of the traditional street. The construct behind the public place did non belong to Hood ‘s original program [ 9 ] . Hood followed the thought that the tallness of urban towers should be accompanied by a addition in figure of streets, and the tallness of towers should be dictated by the sum of street frontage [ 10 ] . The urban gesture of the place represented the solid statement of metropolitianism, it was a public urban infinite every bit good a memorial. The urban planning development of the twentieth century has emerged out of City Beautiful Movement. The motion launched by Daniel Hudson Burnham evolved due to the metropolis ‘s shapelessness, as an attempt to better these metropoliss at that place was concern beyond the fa A ; ccedil ; ade but the quest for aesthetic paralleled with the hunt for functionality of a humane metropolis [ 11 ] . The planning of this composite was done in a really distinguishable mode, every arrangement and connexion was executed thoughtfully. Fifth Avenue entertained the low rise edifices because at the clip of planning, 5th avenue was a low rise street [ 12 ] . The nucleus of the composite is where the antecedently proposed opera house was suppose to be placed, so ideally that is where the design squad planned to put the largest office edifice. Surrounding the nucleus was the smaller office edifices, and stores offered on the street and belowground degree that would link prosaic to the new metro being built at 6th avenue [ 13 ] . The entry to the place begins at the expansive promenade. The promenade took dimensions of a traditional street breadths, so the Rockefeller Group took great attempts to developing this axis with fountains and gardens. The breadth of the promenade was significantly big, so the logic of puting landscape caused the visitant to go confidant with the Windowss of the stores, promoting concern [ 14 ] . The sequence of the program held a transitional quality yet sophisticated. The sequence at 5th avenue would convey one down a major promenade where all kinds of stores are located, taking to the deep-set place. The deep-set place today exists as a skating rink, but was intended to be a shopping place. The symbolism of the New York skyscraper of the 1920 ‘s does impart itself to American capitalist economy in its most active stage, so hence Rockefeller Center design purpose was to reconstruct that assurance after the stock market clang [ 15 ] . The head behind the design was lead by senior architect Raymond M. Hood. The planning involved the prosaic place, roof gardens and the centre succeeded in incorporating the ends of the American Renaissance but besides reshaping those ends to run into the challenge of European modernism [ 16 ] . Hoods architectural impact can be seen in the massing of the RCA edifice of the place. The RCA edifice was the first edifice to be erected for the Rockefeller place. The exterior vocabulary reflect the stripped classical linguistic communication similar but non indistinguishable to those of the News Building, but flatter, set uping monochromatic vocabulary with gray tones. The exterior refined fa A ; ccedil ; ade is clothed with limestone and a luminium spandril panels [ 17 ] . Hood developed on the sense of the signifier as a heavy mass. Austere explains this dumbness as â€Å" ..not so much like that of a mountain as the News Building appeared to be, but a prodigious domen ; non excavate or volumetric as the McGraw-Hill Building, but instead a huge drop upon which people might mount to secret metropoliss at the degree of rooftops. † Some would reason that regardless of Hood ‘s preparation, the Rockefeller undertaking has been removed from classicalism, while Vincent Scully has stated â€Å" the agreement is pure Beaux-Arts, a small impassive possibly, but axial, focussed and house, determining a shopping street with topographic points to sit and a little square in which it is possible to make something or to watch people making things † [ 18 ] . The program which is Gallic inspired has reflected the Beaux Arts planning. The entry of international edifice shows ornamentation of the traditional symbolic thought behind Rockefeller [ 19 ] . The decoration shows the expansive promenade being on axis with the decoration of wisdom, as shown in image 4.1. The Rockefeller ‘s had a great involvement in instruction and universe trade, therefore the decoration was given a outstanding arrangement in the composite. The involvement of universe trade is really apparent at the symbol represent Old and New Worl d, North and Southern Hemispheres. The clock at the top represents the Sun, the Sun is reflecting on quicksilver, the God of commercialism. On both sides of quicksilver are four elements ; air current, air, fire and Earth. Below quicksilver lies the symbol of engineering and industry [ 20 ] . Bordered on each side of engineering and industry are symbol of Old universe with a mosque, and the New universe image of Aztec and Mayan temple [ 21 ] . Underneath is the ship of geographic expedition, placed between the palace of Europe and the Americas. And below that is the images of four races stand foring the diverseness of the complex [ 22 ] . This ornamentation does non merely suggests a entry, but embraces the importance of the complex as a memorial and the symbolic rhythm the exists through the motion of the composite. As Dennis Sharp stated in Twentieth Century Architecture: A Ocular History, â€Å" †¦ Situated on a block that lies between New York ‘s busy 5th and 6th Avenues and 48th and 51st Streets, the development represents the apogee of pre-war skyscraper design and comprehensive planning. Public and private activities are brought together in the strategy and the whole design creates an ambiance that is a direct and positive part to urban life. The great RKO gesture image theater was the first edifice completed ( designed by the chief designers with Corbett, Harrison ) and MacMurray, Hood and Fouilhoux ) and opened in 1932. It seats over 3,500 frequenters and has a full phase. † [ 23 ] . The planning of the complex starts to include all degrees of complexnesss in which were successful solved. The issues of traffic, commercialism and prosaic volume were all considerations. The most dramatic component of the composite is the RCA edifice, the tallest edifice of the organisation and even though it is separated by a important distance from the place, th e continuum ne’er loses its connectivity to the composite. Work CITED Dolkart, Andrew. â€Å" The Architecture and Development of New York City. â€Å" Skyscraper City ( 2004 ) : n. pag. Web. 12 Dec 2009.. Balfour, Alan.Rockefeller Center. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978. Print. Fletcher, Tom. â€Å" GE Building, originally RCA Building. † n. pag. Web. 12 Dec 2009.. Frampton, Kenneth.Modern Architecture. 4th. London: Thames A ; Hudson, 2007. 221. Print. Stuart, Jewel.Ely Jacques Kahn, Architect Beaux-Arts to modernism in New York. 1st. New York: W, W Norton A ; Company, 2006. 30. Print. Stern, Robert.Raymond M. Hood. New York: Rizzoli International, 1982. 15. Print. Sharp, Dennis.Twentieth Century Architecture A Visual History. Images Publishing, 2006. 257. Print. Hines, Thomas. â€Å" Architecture: The City Beautiful Movement. â€Å" Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. , 2005. Web.. Balfour, Alan.Rockefeller Center. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978. Print. Frampton, Kenneth.Modern Architecture. 4th. London: Thames A ; Hudson, 2007. 220. Print. Frampton, Kenneth 220 Frampton, Kenneth 221 Stern, Robert.Raymond M. Hood. New York: Rizzoli International, 1982. 15. Print. Stern, Robert.Raymond M. Hood. New York: Rizzoli International, 1982. 15. Print. Stuart, Jewel.Ely Jacques Kahn, Architect Beaux-Arts to modernism in New York. 1st. New York: W, W Norton A ; Company, 2006. 30. Print. Stern, Robert.Raymond M. Hood. New York: Rizzoli International, 1982. 14. Print. Stern, Robert.Raymond M. Hood. New York: Rizzoli International, 1982. 15. Print. Stern, Robert 15 Hines, Thomas. â€Å" Architecture: The City Beautiful Movement. â€Å" Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. , 2005. Web.. Dolkart, Andrew. â€Å" The Architecture and Development of New York City. â€Å" Skyscraper City ( 2004 ) : n. pag. Web. 12 Dec 2009.. Dolkart, Andrew. â€Å" The Architecture and Development of New York City. â€Å" Skyscraper City ( 2004 ) : n. pag. Web. 12 Dec 2009.. Dolkart, Andrew 2 Stern, Robert.Raymond M. Hood. New York: Rizzoli International, 1982. 14. Print. Stern, Robert.Raymond M. Hood. New York: Rizzoli International, 1982. 14. Print. Fletcher, Tom. â€Å" GE Building, originally RCA Building. † n. pag. Web. 12 Dec 2009.. Stern, Robert.Raymond M. Hood. New York: Rizzoli International, 1982. 15. Print. Dolkart, Andrew. â€Å" The Architecture and Development of New York City. â€Å" Skyscraper City ( 2004 ) : n. pag. Web. 12 Dec 2009.. Dolkart, Andrew. â€Å" The Architecture and Development of New York City. â€Å" Skyscraper City ( 2004 ) : n. pag. Web. 12 Dec 2009.. Dolkart, Andrew 2 Dolkart, Andrew 3 Sharp, Dennis.Twentieth Century Architecture ; A Ocular History. Images Publishing, 2006. 257. Print. How to cite The Most Recognized Language Architecture Essay, Essay examples

Comparison Estimates Of Prevalence Factors -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Comparison Estimates Of Prevalence Factors? Answer: Introduction The case study shows an insight regarding the research methodology followed by a student who is enrolled in MSc in Management. The case study shows that his interest of a particular idea led him to choose his topic in research. It is important to consult with the teacher or professor before deciding on the topic. The first step that was asked to do by the tutor is a literature review on the topic of research. The researcher wanted to carry out a systematic review as he felt that it is a step by step process which will help him to understand the literature better. The researcher had shared a plan of conducting the review was submitted and the tutor felt that he had the technical understanding of the procedure, but when he had eventually sent a draft the tutor commented it on being too descriptive and missing out on critical analysis of the literature. I is essential to have a clear focus and well-formulated review questions to ensure that the process proceeds as planned, as writing a research paper is a lengthy procedure the question will help the researcher to align the findings with the question and no deviate from the actual topic of research. 1b. when the focus is too broad it is difficult to keep track of the information as while researching several other related ideas will be included which will again take away the concentration from the topic. On the other hand if the topic is too narrow it is a possibility that you may not find enough information regarding the topic in terms of facts and figures and arguments to back up the statements that the researcher is going to conclude in the paper (Paiva et al., 2014). It is important to revise the review question as the question has a lot of layers,marketing question should be simple and straight forward so that it is easy to answer and easy to comprehend by the readers. Moreover, the tutor pointed out that the draft was not critical in nature it just had facts, figures and statements which should not be in the case of a research paper; a research paper has to more of the researchers view aligned with the views of the other authors who have previously worked in the field. It is important to adopt a systematic approach as that would ensure that no information or data regarding the research is missed, if any important information is left out it might impact on the findings and conclusion of the research. It helps in understanding the topic of research insightfully with and helps in building a fundamental knowledge. One of the disadvantages of the process is that sometimes information that is already published may be irrelevant at the time of the review the researcher has to be cautious at every point to make sure that the procedure is relevant (Paiva et al., 2014). Being critical in the approach helps the researcher build their own point of view, with the help of arguments they can state facts and develop own findings. Alternate approaches, ideas, insights are developed by critically analyzing literature. If some of the facts or assumptions are incorrect then the effort that has been put is wasted as that will not be accepted, hence the researcher has to be careful in placing any arguments with sufficient proof and reference. c. Emmanuel did not first understand the meaning of being critical, he thought being critical in the approach would mean disrespect towards the authors whose work was being reviewed, he gathered that being critical is more than just recognizing the gaps in the literature it is also about incorporating own ideas and adding to the initial concepts that is available. Hence to balance the two approaches he made two sections one which had his original findings and the other was an argumentative discussion. This has helped him to be systematic as well as develop a critical approach (Fowkes et al., 2013). Deepwater Horizon Accident is a popular oil spill accident that occurred, the information and data that is available regarding the accident is large hence he should be careful regarding the information that he will chose to use in his research, he should take information that is relevant to the research questions. The findings of the literature review will help understand the process better which will further guide him to form his own opinion. The literature will also help him from a base from which he can begin his data collection process. Reference list: Fowkes, F. G. R., Rudan, D., Rudan, I., Aboyans, V., Denenberg, J. O., McDermott, M. M., ... Criqui, M. H. (2013). Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. management,382(9901), 1329-1340. Paiva, C. E., Barroso, E. M., Carneseca, E. C., de Pdua Souza, C., dos Santos, F. T., Lpez, R. V. M., Paiva, S. B. R. (2014). A critical analysis of test-retest reliability in instrument validation studies of cancer patients under palliative care: a systematic review.BMC medical research methodology,14(1), 8.