Ancient Chinese Civilization Essay -- dynasties, China, technology, Ch

A significant part of the ancient Chinese civilization was that it shared a common stage setting that is longer than any other ethnic group on Earth. China mostly isolated and unknown to the outside world, was quietly progressing at a ramble greater than or equal to other nonable civilizations of the prehistoric world. China was composed of several dynasties. The dynastic cycle played a definitive government agency in the successions of Chinese empires. to each one eras achievements and failures influenced the next. The combined contributions from all the regimes, not that led to the success and progress of China, but defined it as well. Technological discoveries, inventions, creations and its ability to adapt all participate in its maturity. The evolution of ancient Chinese dynasties provided the cultural, economical and governmental structure that developed and shaped their sphere into one of the marvels of ancient times. The governmental structure of the Chinese dynasties e volved with each changing regime. Even the title of king, as was called in the beginning, changed to emperor because it was not grand enough. Each dynasty had the king or emperor as the head of its government. They had supreme power over the economic system, government, military, and religious beliefs of the country. The empires used a centralized bureaucracy that had overall tick off over the country. They learned vast amount from this form of government, each reign modified its structure accordingly, ranging from very strict to almost a hands-off approach. It was not replaced with any other form government it simply evolved into what was suitable for each period. As the country expanded and became too vast for one man to rule, a feudal system was created, similar to the ones in ancien... ...guage, paper, the decimal system, nautical steering rudder and the use of negative numbers in mathematics to name a few are highlights of this nations cultural development and contributions to the world.China has the oldest surviving civilization in the world, lasting over 4,000 years. Its uniqueness was its stability. Ancient dynasties absorbed culture, economy and governmental structure from each other. It was the foundation of their civilization. History has revealed Chinas enduring heritage and perseverance to preserve its society. Chinese technological advancements not only helped its nation and people, but also, influenced the development of other countries as well. Many of the systems from thousands of years ago are still a part of Chinese culture today. whole kit Cited John P McKay. History of World Societies. Palgrave 9th Revised edition 2012

Aristotle Essays -- essays research papers

Aristotle In our fast paced technologically advanced society today, our governments subscribe evolved into supposedly well oiled machines effectively managing budgets, jails, militaries, as well as umteen other programs. Unfortunately, numerous of these governments are not as well organized, as they could be. Democratic countries like France, Germany, and even the United States have some very stern shortcomings to the way their governments are managed. These problems occur, many times at a very basic level, rather than at the minor details. One problem that is consistent with many countries is the maintenance of governmental programs over large geographical areas. Many times geographic or social differences within countries are what cause these problems. The ancient Hellenic philosopher Aristotle had simple, yet ingenious ways to deal with problems, precisely like these. Aristotle solved this problem, for example, by dividing the country into both geographic and social regions. Then he would have smaller governments for each of these sections. These divisions were similar to states or provinces in some modern countries today. Aristotles ideas, in general, on governmental politics were revolutionary in Athens, when he wrote them and some could even have positive effects on governments today. Modern governments, such as Germany, France, and the United States could all use Aristotles ideas to make their profess governments run much more efficiently. Aristotle even had plans to minimize corruption, a big problem in most governments today (politics 1286a). If modern democratic countries based their governmental philosophies more on Aristotles theories, they could run smoother and do a better job of supporting the people, which is what democracies were made for in the first place. The polis is a alliance of citizens in a system of government thatserves to achieve the common good. It is not just a place where people livetogether for defense against enemies and for the counterchange of goods. It israther a partnership between households, clans, and villages for the sake of afully developed and self-sufficient life. The polis gives those who possesswisdom and moral intellect a venture to move up to high positionsJustice is the political good in the polis, and it must promote thecommon interest of the people. What is perceived to be good has to bedistrib... ...ld have authority rather than those who are best fit to rule, and groupsfew in number. Although everyone in the polis may not be a political scientist,they can work better together with peers. With each individual having qualitiesof excellence and intelligence, they join to form a single entity.The real difference between country and oligarchy is between povertyand wealth. Oligarchy occurs when rulers owe their power to wealth whether ornot they are the majority. Tyranny can be described as the worst of twainpotential evils. It is extreme oligarchy in its distrust of the masses an dextreme democracy in its hostility to the noteables (Page 211). Aristotlesays the best form is one based on merit. A combination between oligarchy anddemocracy is constitutional government.Although people can agree on what justice is, they often fail to reachit because they can not impediment from pursuing their own goals and desires. A goodgovernment can moderate between what people think is just and what is best forthe common good. Aristotles theories are basics of our current politicalsystem and earned him the title The Father of Political Science.

English Media Coursework (Saving Private Ryan) Essay examples -- essay

Analyze the methods used to make the opening interlocking sequence of Saving Private Ryan both shocking and realistic, and say how effective you find it as an introduction to the filmSteven Spielbergs master piece Saving Private Ryan earned itself 5 academy awards, including the best director award in 1998. The al ace star cast starring Tom Hanks, Matt Damon, Tom Sizemore and Edward Burns brings to life the horror of war. Seen through the eyes of a squad of American soldiers, the yarn begins with World War 2s historic D-Day invasion, then moves beyond the beach as the men embark on a dangerous fussy mission. Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) must take his men behind enemy lines to find Private James Ryan, whose three brothers have been killed in combat. confront with impossible odds, the men question their orders. Why are eight men risking their lives to save just one? Surrounded by the brutal realities of war, each cosmos searches for his own answer-and the strength to triumph o ver an uncertain future with honor, decency and courage.Saving Private Ryan earned its awards for bringing back the realism of World War 2 and for portraying what the shocking chances of survival were at the historic battle of Omaha beach on D-Day in June 1944. Omaha beach was only one of the invasion sites of the American, British and Canadian coalition forces. The special reason why Steven Spielberg chose to direct his movie with Omaha beach as its backdrop was due to the fact that out of all the other come sites, Omaha beach was the bloodiest battle field and it took 15,000 lives of young American soldiers to capture the beach. In the past, war genre films beggarlyt hardcore action and a hero waging a one man war against an army, a typical movie would be Rambo 3. Although it is based on a true story, it did not take one American to battle the whole Russian army with a bow and arrow. Saving Private Ryan brings back to life the real heroes that fought in a war, men who were willi ng to reserve up their lives just to make a difference, now that ultimate sacrifice is what true heroism is. In a way Saving Private Ryan was at last able to create a difference between action genre films like Rambo 3 and war genre films like Black Hawk Down, and restrain completely fresh conventions of war genre films.The realism of the movie is what gave the movie its academy awards. A few explosions cannot bring back ... ...n the beach. Hundreds of bodies lay dead, the music although creates a peaceful effect, the first reaction of a sentimental audience would be tears dripping out of their eyes. The final shot of the scene is the keep out up on Peter Ryan laying dead on the beach with a bloody tide rushing in. The ending scene was probably the nigh effective scene of all because it immediately shows the reality and chaos war brings to mankind and what kind of courage it takes people to rise up against it.Overall I think Steven Spielberg has created a masterpiece in re-crea ting D-Day. Not only that, the way the whole battle sequence followed and linked each other was remarkable. I mean to say the graveyard, the old veteran crying, the music, really prepared me to expect the next scene to be a battle. But I did not know it was freeing to be that chaotic and brutal that it literally shocked and surprised me. The accuracy and the, idea of hand held cameras really involved me with the movie and I think thats what I enjoyed the most, the realism of the movie convinced me that, that is how D-Day happened. Saving Private Ryan was definitely worth watching, it has taken the war film genre to a whole new level.

Wilderness and Adventure Education Essay -- Education

There are two different parts of the wild Sports and contingency Education model. The Wilderness sports part of it includes the students participating in various activities such as canoeing, rock climbing and hiking. They are non traditional sports because the athletic ability of the student is not as important as it would be in traditional physical education activity. For example, a child may not be able to kvetch a soccer ball very well or throw a softball accurately but they would be able to hike up a mountain. non all schools are able to do these activities because they are lacking the recourses or money. However all schools can participate the in the Adventure Education part of the model. The reason being is because they dont need the equipment to go canoeing or the environment to have the trails to go hiking. All the teacher of necessity to participate in Adventure education is a few obstacles to help students with different skills and the students cooperation.The Wildernes s Sports teaching model is unique from some other teaching models. Not every school has the resources or the time in the curriculum to provide students with the opportunity to perform the Wilderness Sports such as cycling, hiking or rock climbing. This gives the chance for the school to come up with extra-curricular activities for the students that otherwise wouldnt be able to do during the school day. A great extra-curricular activity would be mountain biking. Biking is a great way to stay in shape and go for an adventure at the same time. It also provides bonding time with the teacher and the student which is very important. We began taking rides together. The students would show me new trails, and I would show them the ones I was familiar with. The bike rid... ...o it is only done by people who fate to participate so they already have something in common. In Adventure Education the team has to work together so the students can make friends that way. This is a teaching model th at all physical education teachers should try to incorporate into the curriculum. Works CitedDarst, Paul W., and Robert P. Pangrazi. Dynamic Physical Education for Secondary School Students. San Francisco Pearson Education, 2002McCracken, Bane. Its Not Just Gym Anymore Teaching Secondary School Students How to Be Active for Life. Champaign Human Kinetics, 2001Cummiskey, Matthew. The New PE Homepage. The New PE Homepage. West Chester University. Web. 03 Apr. 2012. .Welcome to exteriorise Adventure, Leaders In Adventure and Experience-based Learning. Project Adventure. Web. 03 Apr. 2012. .

The Power of Images Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Analytical Essay The Power of ImagesI believe that pictures are able to capture a single moment, highlighting the important meaning underside every action presented. According to Mitchell Stephens By Means of the Visible A Pictures Worth, images possess great power - religious, tribal, romantic, pedagogic (479). Similarly, in Kenneth Browers Photography in the Age of Falsification, a picture of earthrise is described as having poetic power, evoking sentiment (564). When looking at pictures, whether in my photo album or a Life magazine, I discover that emotions are stirred by those pictures that hold the greatest number of haveings, from anguish to happiness, thus making them the most memorable. by means of my analysis of my most compelling photographs and the essays of Stephens and Brower, I have concluded that each picture rears a feeling inside of me, whether it is a photograph of a kiss, a family in the mist of the Depression, or my grandfather.As I look up at my wall, I see the poster of the infamous Wars shutting Kiss a picture of a sailor and a nurse kissing in the middle of Times Square at the end of humankind War Two. The feelings of joy, passion, and relief are evident as they engage in the passionate kiss. Looking at the photograph and analyzing their actions, I am able to feel the celebration of love and life. Love is so strongly expressed as the sailor wraps his arm around her and dips her as they kiss. The celebration of life is the most touching emotion of the picture. Because the picture is set directly in the middle of Times Square, it holds the definition of America in one of our most profound cities. As another(prenominal) men of honor and passers-by walk by, it is clear from the expressions of their f... ...oment of life. When a moment is captured, it defines the meaning of the purpose of the events. Every picture, whether it is a passionate kiss, a poverty-stricken family during the Depression era, or the look of sorrow on my grandfathers face, ignites its own sentiment. Although, according to Stephens, These images, are intended to take the place of words (476), I believe that the feelings that pictures evoke are, without a doubt, more intense than words.Works CitedBrower, Kenneth. Photography in the Age of Falsification. The Presence of Others. 3rd ed. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 554-573.Stephens, Mitchell. By Means of the Visible A Pictures Worth. The Presence of Others. 3rd ed. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 473-486.

The Power of Images Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Analytical Essay The Power of ImagesI believe that pictures are able to capture a iodin moment, highlighting the important meaning behind every action presented. According to Mitchell Stephens By Means of the Visible A Pictures Worth, images possess corking power - religious, tribal, romantic, pedagogic (479). Similarly, in Kenneth Browers Photography in the Age of Falsification, a picture of earthrise is described as having poetic power, evoking sentiment (564). When looking at pictures, whether in my photo album or a Life magazine, I discover that emotions are stirred by those pictures that hold the greatest number of feelings, from injure to happiness, thus making them the most memorable. Through my analysis of my most compelling word-paintings and the essays of Stephens and Brower, I have concluded that each picture evokes a feeling inner of me, whether it is a photograph of a kiss, a family in the mist of the Depression, or my grandfather.As I look up at my wall, I see the menu of the infamous Wars End Kiss a picture of a sailor and a nurse kissing in the middle of quantify Square at the end of World War Two. The feelings of joy, passion, and relief are evident as they engage in the lustful kiss. Looking at the photograph and analyzing their actions, I am able to feel the celebration of love and life. Love is so strongly expressed as the sailor wraps his arm around her and dips her as they kiss. The celebration of life is the most poignant emotion of the picture. Because the picture is set directly in the middle of Times Square, it holds the definition of America in adept of our most profound cities. As other men of honor and passers-by walk by, it is clear from the expressions of their f... ...oment of life. When a moment is captured, it defines the meaning of the purpose of the events. Every picture, whether it is a passionate kiss, a poverty-stricken family during the Depression era, or the look of sorrow on my grandfathers face, ignites its own sentiment. Although, according to Stephens, These images, are intended to take the target of words (476), I believe that the feelings that pictures evoke are, without a doubt, more intense than words.Works CitedBrower, Kenneth. Photography in the Age of Falsification. The Presence of Others. 3rd ed. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. red-hot York Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 554-573.Stephens, Mitchell. By Means of the Visible A Pictures Worth. The Presence of Others. 3rd ed. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 473-486.

Silabus Introduction to Literature

INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE COURSE OUTLINE line of descent Description This race is an introduction to the rudiments of literary study and analysis. Students will be introduced to the fundamental elements of poetry, drama, and parable basic literary terminology and strategies for analyzing texts based on close reading. Students will also bore writing short literary analysis. Course Objectives Develop your basic understanding on what literature and its genre are. Develop your ability to respond to literary texts in class discussion Develop and articulate your own ideas about literary themes Present a coherent literary analysis including familiarity with literary devices (plot, character, characteristics, theme, setting, etc) Intended to deliver an argument through quotations and examples from primary, and in some cases, secondary texts (references) Student Outcomes By the end of this course, students should be able to do the following 1. Correctly define normally used litera ry harm and use those terms to discuss and analyze works of literature 2.Identify structural elements of works of poetry, fiction, and drama, and analyze how those elements help create proper(postnominal) meanings and effects Course Content 1. Comprehensive Definition of Literature and of elements of literary work 2. Readings of a variety of poems, short fiction, and drama 3. Important literary terms and their application to the analysis of specific works 4. Several opportunities to compose written arguments about specific texts incorporating close reading skills and application of literary terms nd conventions. Teaching strategies Lecturing is applied to give the students general guidance and theories used to analyze literary works. Besides, Class sessions will be structured to give students fortune to discuss, analyze, and practice close reading of specific texts. Discussions should emphasize the application of course terms and concepts to the analysis of texts and the use of t extual detail to defend opinions about the texts. Students monstrance is also needed in this subject.Course terms and concepts will be reinforced through quizzes and/or exams which ask students to identify terms and concepts as they appear in texts. Given the goals of the course, the use of film and videos are also recommended. attending You will be allowed three absences. An extended complaint would create an exception to these rules enrapture permit me know as soon as possible if you will be missing a significant number of classes (i. e. 2 or more) due to illness or other long-term problem. REQUIREMENT Students are obliged to attend at least 80% of total meeting in a semester.If they are absent more than 20% of total meetings in a semester, they will not get their final grade as a consequence. Besides, students must admit all assignments in a due time. EVALUATION There are four elements of evaluation as giving score. 1. Midterm test (MT) 20 % 2. last-place test (FT) 35 % 3. Assignment and quizzes(Ass/Q) 25 % 4. Attendance and class participation (A) 15 % 5. Personal Literature Anthology (final project) 15% Fixed Score = 3(Ass/Q) + 2(MT)+3(FT) + 1,5(A/CP)+1,5 (PLA) 10 Attendance = P x 100TM (total meeting) Class Policies Grading Scale 81 100 = A 4,0 76 79 = B+ 3,5 61 70 = C+ 2,5 45 50 = D 1,0 71 75 = B 3,0 56 60 = C 2,0 51- 55 = D+ 1,5 0 44 = E 0 pedantic Dishonesty Plagiarism does not refer only to flagrant copying it includes also the unaccredited use of any phrases, quotations, or ideas. Please be certain to cite any outside sources which you use.That said, I will not tolerate cheating in this class. If you are caught plagiarizing or otherwise cheating, and the assignment is a mild one, you will immediately lose two letter grades off your final grade. If the assignment in question a major assignment, you will automatically become the course. Consultation If you are unsure about the reading, want feedback on discussion/assignment, or wou ld like to talk about a text or idea, please come to my office for a consultation. If you cant make it to my office hours, feel free to make an appointment with me.Course Books Hawthorn, Jeremy, Studying The Novel An Introduction, Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc. 1989 Kearns, George, editor, Appreciating Literature, Macmillan Publishing Company. 1984. Kenney, William, How To try Fiction, Monarch constrict Inc. 1966 Luxemburg, Mieke Bal and Willem G. Weststeijn. Pengantrar Ilmu Sastra, Jakarta, Gramedia. 1989 Reaske. Christopher R. How To Analyze Drama. Monarch Press, INC. 1966 Siswantoro, Apresiasi Puisi-Puisi Sastra Inggris. Muhammadiyah University Press, 2002 calendar week Expected Competence Topic Activities 1 The students are pass judgment to -Orientation brainstorming have comprehensive orientation on the course -Definition of Literature giving lecture Understand the basic concept of literature discussion 2 The students should be able t o -Genre of Literary works brainstorming agnise the genre of literary works giving lecture identify the characteristics of literary works discussion 3 The students are expected to comprehend plot, Short degree by Doris Lessing entitle A Woman onAnalyzing intrinsic elements of the short story suspense and character. A Roof Giving Lecture and discussion 4 The students should understand setting, point of Short story by Alice Walker entitle Everyday Analyzing intrinsic element of Walkers story view dan theme. aim Giving Lecture and discussion 5 screen 6 The students can identify basic elements of poetry A poem by Sylvia Plath entitled reflect and by Analyzing intrinsic elements of the poems such as rhyme and figurative languages. Walt Whitman entitled Cavalry Crossing a intersection entitled Mirror and CavalryCrossing a Ford Giving lecture and discussion 7 The students can recognize types of poetry ( A poem by Robert Frost entititled The Tuft of Analyzing t he poems narrative, lyric dan dramatic) Flowers, by William Wordsworth entitled My HeartDiscussin Leaps Up and by Frank Horne entitled To James 8 Mid-term test 9 The students can recognize types of poetry ( A poem by Robert Frost entititled The Tuft of Reading the poems narrative, lyric dan dramatic) Flowers, by William Wordsworth entitled My HeartAnalyzing the poems Leaps Up and by Frank Horne entitled To James 10 The students are expected to be able to define drama Giving lecture and know the dramatic convention. discussion 11 The students understand the intrinsic elements of Drama by Anton Chekov entitled Marriage proposalGiving lecture Drama Discussion Assignment 12 Continuation of The World of Drama. Drama by Anton Chekov entitled Marriage ProposalAnalyzing Marriage Proposal 13 Quiz 14 Tugas Terstruktur Film adaptation from Shakespeare drama entitled Othello 15 The Correlation between Literary works and some other Brainstorming discip lines discussion (Wrap up Session) 16 last(a) Test Period Topic Core Reading Topic for Discussion week 1 Course Outline Appreciating literature, How to Whats your Analyze fiction orientation? Literature Definition, types, and literary devices (General) Week 2 Introduction to Appreciating literature, How to I Remember Mama (John Van Druten) Drama, Elements ofAnalyze Drama drama Week 3 Plot, Character, Appreciating literature, How to I Remember Mama (John Van Druten) Analyze fiction/drama Week 4 Theme, symbol Appreciating literature, How to grandpa and the statue (Arthur Miller) Analyze drama Week 5 Staging and Appreciating literature, How to Grandpa and the statue (Arthur Miller) dialogue Analyze drama Week 6 Quiz on Drama Quiz Quiz Week 7 Introduction to Appreciating literature, How to The road not taken (Robert Frost) Poetry.What is Analyze Poetry poetry and how might we begin to discuss it analytical ly? Week 8 Structure and Appreciating literature, How to First Lesson (Philip Booth) kinds of Poetry, Analyze Poetry Meaning of Poetry Middle Test Middle Test Week 9 Discussion of Appreciating literature, How to introduce with the Night (Robert Frost) selected poems, Analyze Poetry and some writing exercises Week 10 Figurative Appreciating literature, How to The Eagle (Alfred Lord Tennyson) language Analyze poetry Week 11 Quiz on Poetry Quiz Quiz Week 12 Introduction to Appreciating literature, StudyingThe woman Who Had no Prejudices (Anton Chekov) Prose Novel An Introduction, How to Analyze fiction Week 13 Analyzing ElementsAppreciating literature, StudyingThe leader of the people (John Steinbeck) of Prose (Short Novel An Introduction How to Story) Analyze fiction Week 14 Discussion Appreciating literature, How to The leader of the people (John Steinbeck) Analyze fiction Week 15 Genre of Prose Appreciating literature, StudyingIn a nother Country (Earnest Hemmingway) (Short Story and Novel An Introduction How to Novel) Analyze fiction Week 16 Final Test Final Test

Alfie Kohn

In the modern age of No Child Left Behind and similar mandates, in that respect has been an increased rivet placed on what informs must do in order to improve the educational outcomes of for each one and every student. It has finally become seeming that the traditional method of schooling is non as effective as once believed.Evidence of this fact can be found within the adjudicate advance of individual schools as well as entire school districts. Alfie Kohn is a leader in school reform and he focuses on non traditional ship canal to educate students so they are excited and eager to drive.Despite the motif held my umteen Americans that current methods do not work, the vast majority of schools continue to confide on back to basics strategies for instruction (Kohn, 1999, 2). While back to basics may have worked for previous generations it is not working for the current generation.Kohn emphasizes the need to shift focus away from traditional methods of school in favor of non t raditional methods in order to motivate students to want to engage. A biography of Kohn is offered as well as a discussion based on his personal contri thoions to the field of education and schoolroom management.BiographyAlfie Kohn is one of the most vocal critics of the intense focus placed on regularize tests and test scores (Kohn, 1998, 1). His theories and ideas have motivated many educators and administrators to reexamine the way that students learn and the way that teachers teach.Kohn began his career as a high school teacher and enjoyed making improvements to his platform and lesson plans in order to provide the best educational experiences for his students.After Kohn left the classroom he realized that using the same curriculum in the same way for each group of students is not the most effective way to motivate students to learn. Instead, he realized that adapting the course material to each group of students was a more effective way to provide authentic learning experie nces that left students wanting to know more (Kohn, 1998, 1).Kohn also spent a great deal of time observing other teachers and engaging in dialogue with education experts in order to present a cohesive posture of the education system in America. Kohn is most well known for his stand against teaching to the test and relying on test scores as adequate measures of educational progress.Kohn also is known for his idea that the ultimate outcome of education is not that each child receive all As because this is not the charge up of school. Finally, Kohn is known for his idea that current assessment measures are not adequate and do not give a clear representation of what really happens in classrooms (Kohn, 1998, 1).Contributions to EducationThe most important contribution that Alfie Kohn has made in the field of education is the shift in focus that has occurred from assessment measures such as standardized tests to a more comprehensive view of education that is primarily concerned with st udents ability to learn and keep on learning (Kohn, 2004, 27).Kohn emphasizes that the intense focus placed on grading and assessment has taken away the potential for authentic learning experiences that truly benefit students rather than simply teach them how to take a test.Further, teachers pass by so much time worrying about what amount or level of work constitutes what grade when their focus should be on enabling students to ca-ca significant progress in their understanding of certain subjects regardless of what grade they end up with (Kohn, 2004, 28).This contribution is essential within the education field because it has allowed teachers to head the traditional methods of instruction and begin to consider non traditional methods that may motivate students to learn more than what is possible through traditional education.It has also motivated many educators to begin to work with experts and policy makers in the field in order to discover alternate ways to assess student progr ess that does not rely solely on the outcome of standardized testing (Kohn, 2004, 28).A similar idea that has stemmed from the idea that alternate testing measures must be discovered is the idea that grades cause students to do as little as possible and still get a good grade. In this way, grades actually disable the desire to learn more because students quickly find out how little they can get away with and still receive an acceptable grade (Kohn, 2004, 28).At the same time, the motivation to learn more decreases as student desire to receive a good grade increases. Students who receive grades based on performance are reluctant to analyze challenging things because of their fear of failing and/or receiving a poor grade.On the other hand, students who are encouraged to think for themselves and explore topics that interest them without the fear of being order are more likely to recall the information that they learn as well as continue to seek opportunities to learn new things (Kohn , 2004, 28).While this certainly does not mean that schools are going to stop handing down grades to students this idea has allowed many educators to reexamine the way they assess their students in order to provide ample hazard for students to learn without the fear of failure.Another important realization that has come from Kohns view of traditional assessment models is that there must be an educational goal buttocks assessing students.In other words, assessment must be used to enhance the educational opportunities for students. Instead, assessment is most often used to categorize students and determine who is smarter than whom or as a technique to motivate students to work harder in order to get the A (Kohn, 2004, 28).Therein lies the problem with standardized tests. Kohn emphasizes that standardized tests do not truly provide how much teaching or learning has taken place. Instead, they simply show how well a child can do on a test on any given day and/or how well a student is able to guess on questions they do not know (Kohn, 2004, 28).Kohn has open up the eyes of educators and allowed many of them to see the error of their ways in relying solely on the outcome of standardized tests in measuring student progress. Kohn has also coerce many experts and policy makers within the field of education to realize that perhaps there is a better way to determine how well Americas students are doing in school.Contributions to Classroom ManagementKohn has questioned the use of traditional discipline strategies that focus on getting students to do what the teacher wants them to do. Traditionally, the teacher creates a set of classroom rules and expects students to obey them.These rules often include detailed consequences that accompany them in order to show students what will happen to them if they break one of the rules (Kohn, 2006, 1). Similar to his work with standardized tests and assessment measures, Kohns work with classroom management has forced many teachers to reexamine how they approach classroom management.Obviously, it is necessary that students be taught to how to behave appropriately in the classroom in order to create an environment conducive to learning. However, Kohn feels that classroom management is significantly more effective if students take part in creating feel for environments rather than being expected to follow the rules decided upon by the teacher (Kohn, 2006, 1).In other words, Kohn has shown teachers that not all discipline problems are because students are naughty but rather because a caring community has not been created that encourages students to work together to learn and grow.

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As TV is a medium that combines moving, color images and sound, it resembles real life, so the viewers ca n identify with what they see. Furtherto a greater extent, modern technology means that the content is up to date, for example, news reports can be broadcast live and from all over the world. This means that information is available al to the highest degree anywhere at any conviction.Finally, TV can be use to enhance many another(prenominal) important aspects of everyday life. sight seek pleasure and distraction, and TV can give us that in the form of films or toons. muckle want education, information and instruction because they ar inquisitive and like to learn. TV gives us this in documentaries or educational programs, and in reports or cultural programs. People enjoy creativity, and TV gives us that in the call on of all the people involved in creating clever film scripts, effective scenery, witty dialogues or vivid camera shots.TV gives us the world, otherwise cultures, other people, languages and ideas. It introduces us to knowledge. As we hold in seen, television o ffers us a wide range of valuable programs and content and serves many purposes in our daily lives. TV non only provides many types of programs with interesting and broad content, but it overly serves to fulfill our needs in terms of sport and knowledge. TV is an integral and vital medium today. It can contribute positively to the education of clubhouse and peoples aw arness of others, and it will continue to have a strong influence for many years to comeTelevision is very important in human life. Because these day people has pressure of work and has lot of visit in thinker. So television play important role to release pressure and stress byRockks Was this helpful or Not cooperative nameless 74%Helpful It helps us to know what is happening all over the world through the discussions it educates us in the aras we are not familiar with by unidentified Was this Helpful or Not Helpful unidentified 77%Helpful Because without it most of us would be living without knowing what i s happening elsewhere. by Anonymous Was this Helpful or Not HelpfulArnavcoool 64%Helpful Television has done a lot to our life. if we see the positive side then it is the only musical arrangement that keeps us uptodate with the different happenings in the outside world. to a greater extent thanover delight which is the need of hour is being done by it,in many families it helps student life when they hear some news, heartenglish movies which in a way makes them little bit broad minded. over and above all it is a source of many usefull things that are sincerely necessary to our daily life. byArnavcoool Was this Helpful or Not Helpful Anonymous 54%HelpfulI like it cause its cool, and fun,,so yeah. I love it by Anonymous Was this Helpful or Not Helpful Kristiw 44%Helpful It keeps us up to date on what is going on in the world if you teach the news. Also for us mothers with little ones(I have a 2 year old) it is a great source of entertainment and distraction so I can clean or cook for at least 15 to 20 minutes at a succession.. Lol byKristiw Was this Helpful or Not Helpful Anonymous 17%Helpful Television can helps us in our life if the Google TV device is attach with television. Google TV device is the beauty of television.Television entertainment is bored and incomplete without Google TV device. HDMI port is necessary for Google TV device. With Google TV device,we can browse internet on TV. We can enjoy movies, chatting,videos,channels,games including sensor ground games,android apps like Pandora, CNBC etc. We can also enjoy TV,internet,android apps at the same clock with Google TV device. by Anonymous Was this Helpful or Not Helpful Miss-b 30%Helpful Over 90% of the time because of entertainment, then its also part of being updated. Television has had a mostly negative effect on society. bahareh Apr 26, 2011, 1021am 1Television shows are the most popular program that can amuse people who are interested in watch them. Nowadays, people e sparely children are depended on TV to spend their time, and they would rather to fill up their schedule by sitting in front of TV and watching it. However, watching TV brings mostly negative cause such as threat to the maintenance of traditional family values, childrens future, and peoples behavior. Nowadays, television threats to the maintenance of traditional family values. Parents spend less time with their children now, and they are too busy to be with their children.However, TV can be the thirdly parent for children, and children are willing to spend the rest of their daily time to watch it instead of being with their parents. However, there were different relationship between parents and children before the TV invention, which was stronger and more connectable. Unfortunately, old values will slowly slip aside and new ones, established by TV, will take their place. Watching TV provides many disadvantages for our childrens future and their health. While watching TV, children have less play t ime and also physical activities in open s curtilage with their friends, so they wont be able to have a healthy life.Besides, another issue related to watching TV, is a develop psychic disorder in the part of brain which is for language skill therefore, children cant pay attention effectively have concentration. TV has brought many changes in peoples behavior, and their response to others. Most of TV shows contains of many various advertisements that could affect on people and mainly on their children. People especially children whitethorn have early exposure to wild variety of things such as super hero shows like superman and all things that are related to him and his story, so children try to act like Superman whether it is a goodly behavior or not.Therefore, media such as TV impacts deeply on children mind, and their virtual view of their life. Finally, although television has had many negative effects on our life, it can be a good tool for learning or discovering new subjects. Sometimes, children use it as a election to increase their knowledge and information, but not spending too much time only on watching it . As a result, people should suppose all consequences of watching TV, and other negative circumstances like losing traditional family values or childrens future. Positive impacts on people Positive impacts could be education.There are some very thought provoking and informative shows on tv. It can also give you some needed information about products, services, important dates or alerts, our country, the war, just about anything that is effecting the public at large. Negative could be the allowances of sexuality for minors, negative politics, incorrect information, or if something scary is on it could cause nightmares. positive helps society remain informed about genuine events and about other things ( such as nature shows, etc) Positive it give lots of information is a very good center of news that keep us in contact with our world. ow they hav e great learning channels like national geographic , discovery and narration channel and more on the negative side most of the entertainment is junk and promote to much ideas for violence and sex to young people. negatives well, it has been clinically turn out that TVs do not affect your eyesight, so just scratch that out. TV do, howver, require that one spend less time socializing about current events and debating on them, as there are many shows that do exactly this and there is no need for a debate anymore,. This affects sociologically. he media affects EVERYONE,including magazines and other sorts of entertainments.. have u realized that ever since television came out,people started to look at guys differently and changed their own appearance.. sort of like imitating the people ur watching cuzur thinking their so special and you want to be like them so badly that uve become a monster.. lmao.. idont think it has a postive impact excluding entertainment Televison is educational e ven if its a cartoon there is educational stuff in every show you watch. I really didnt notice that untill a year ago but it is true.So next time when your watching something try and see if you can learn something because I bet you can. Some experts, however, believe that TV is not all that bad. They qualify though that reckon TV can be good if it is done in moderation, and if the program being watched is selected Some TV shows can educate, inform and inspire. It can be more effective than books or audiotapes in teaching your tyke about processes like how a plant grows or how to bake a cake. Studies show that kids who watch educational and non-violent childrens shows do better on reading and math tests than those who do not watch these programs.Kids who watch informative and educational shows as preschoolers tend to watch more informative and educational shows when they get senior. They use TV effectively as a complement to school learning. On the other hand, kids who watch more entertainment program watch fewer informative programs as they get older (Macbeth, 1996). Preschoolers who viewed educational programs tend to have higher grades, are less high-pressure and value their studies more when they reach high school, jibe to a long-term study (Anderson, et. al, 2001).Finally, scientists from the University of Siena found that children experience a soothing, painkilling effect by watching cartoons. So perhaps, a little entertainment TV can be a source of relief to kids who are stressed or are in pain. It is substantial to avoid television if you are a kid. People in the house are usually tuned in to TV siblings as well as parents. In some homes, the television is perpetually on even without anyone watching. It is common for parents and caregivers to use TV as a substitute babysitter. Also, many parents buy videos that they think can make their kids smart. But how does watching TV really affect children?The bad news is, the majority of experts think that a TV/video-driven culture has bad effects on kids and may prevent kids from being smart. They cite the following TV provides no educational benefits for a child under age 2. Worse, it steals time for activities that in reality develop her brain, like interacting with other people and playing. A child learns a lot more efficiently from real interaction with people and things, rather than things she sees on a video screen. TV viewing takes away the time that your child needs to develop important skills like language, creativity, motor, and social skills.These skills are developed in the kids first two years (a critical time for brain development) through play, exploration, and conversation. Your kids language skills, for example, do not improve by passively listening to the TV. It is developed by interacting with people, when talking and listening is used in the context of real life. TV viewing numbs your kids mind as it prevents your child from drill initiative, being intellectu ally challenged, thinking analytically, and using his imagination. TV viewing takes away time from reading and improving reading skills through practice (Comstock, 1991).Kids watching cartoons and entertainment television during pre-school years have poorer pre-reading skills at age 5 (Macbeth, 1996). Also, kids who watch entertainment TV are also less likely to read books and other print media (W right(a) Huston, 1995). According to Speech and language expert Dr. Sally Ward, 20 years of research show that kids who are bombarded by background TV illegitimate enterprise in their homes have trouble compensable attention to voices when there is also background noise. Kids who watch a lot of TV have trouble paying attention to teachers because they are accustomed to the fast-paced visual stimulation on TV.Kids who watch TV more than they talk to their family have a difficult time adjusting from being visual learners to aural learners (learning by listening). They also have shorter at tention spans. School kids who watch too much TV also tend to work less on their homework. When doing homework with TV on the background, kids tend to retain less skill and information. When they lose sleep because of TV, they become less alert during the day, and this results in poor school performance. TV exposes your kid to negative influences, and promotes negative behavior.TV shows and commercials usually show violence, alcohol, drug use and sex in a positive light. The mind of your kid is like clay. It forms early impressions on what it sees, and these early impressions determine how he sees the world and affect his grown-up behavior. For instance, twenty years of research has shown that children who are more open to media violence behave more aggressively as kids and when they are older. They are taught by TV that violence is the way to resolve conflict as when a TV hero beats up a bad guy to subdue him.Kids who watch too much TV are usually overweight, according to the Ame rican Medical Association. Kids often snack on junk food while watching TV. They are also influenced by commercials to consume unhealthy food. Also, they are not running, jumping, or doing activities that burn calories and increase metabolism. Obese kids, unless they change their habits, tend to be obese when they become adults. Researchers from the University of Sydney report a link between lend screen time and retinal artery width in children. Kids with lots of screen time were found to have narrow artery in their eyes, which may indicate heart risk.TV watching also affects a childs health and athletic ability. The more television a child watches, even in the first years of life, the more likely he is to be obese and less muscularly fit, according to a study by the University of Montreal. Even though your kid does not aspire to be a football star, his athletic abilities are important not only for physical health, but predicting how physically active he will be as an adult Why peo ple shouldnt watch too much television Watching television is an experience divided up by most adults and children. It is cheap, appealing, and within the reach of the general public.In this way, TV has become an important mass media around the world. Sadly, this resource isnt used in a way that people could get the best possible benefits from it. The purpose of this essay is to persuade the reader that people shouldnt watch too much television because the content of many TV programs is not educational it makes people waste time that could be used in more beneficial activities and it negatively affects peoples mental development. The first reason why people shouldnt watch too much television is because the content of many TV programs is not educational.Nowadays, we can see movies, series, and shows that present scenes of violence, sex, and drugs. This has established wrong concepts among the audience that influence them into having a negative behavior. Moreover, the impact this tend ency has on children is worse because they grow up with the idea of a world where women must be slender and blonde to stand out, where problems can only be solved with money and violence, and where wars are inevitable. The sec reason why people shouldnt watch too much television is because it makes people waste time that could be used in more beneficial activities.The time we spend watching TV could be applied to useful activities like exercise, reading, interacting with friends and family, activities that are a crucial for a healthy lifestyle. The third reason why people shouldnt watch too much television is because it negatively affects peoples mental development. According to some(prenominal) scientific studies, watching TV for prolonged periods of time has a negative effect over the intellectual development of children and leads to deterioration of the mental capacity in older people by causing both attention and memory problems in the long term.In conclusion, people shouldnt watch too much television because the content of many TV programs is not educational it makes people waste time that could be used in more beneficial activities and it affects peoples mental development. However, this doesnt mean that we should ban TV, but if we are going to watch it, we should do it with moderation. Television is a resource that we should learn to use through the right selection of programs by taking an active and critical attitude towards it. Independent Writing The purpose of television is to educate, not to entertain. o you agree with that? *** One of the most important inventions of the humans history is television (TV). Since it was invented, the broadcasting machine has been used for many purposes, it helps people relax, entertain them, not just educates. Obviously, there are many TV programs that are designed to educate people, keep the viewers aware of what are happening in the wide world. Nowadays, in the hasty pace of life, people are spending more and mo re time on getting knowledge on TV not only for their jobs but also for daily purposes.People can know about the severe war in the Middle East, the presentation of the President or how the NYSE is working. The socialize purpose of TV is apparent, and it is an important purpose, too. After working hard, a person needs to rest, also, after being educated, he craves for being entertained. Teaching is not all, but teaching and socialise when go together can have a good effect on TV viewers. The knowledge that they have got earlier can be thoughtless more easily later on. They can listen to music, watch game-shows and other pleasure activities. This way, the stress that has strained viewers can be blown out more easily.Not only helping people get out of stress, TV also makes them have new ideas, and thoughts. The colors and sound that they see in many entertainment programs on the screen can somehow affect the brain, motivate it to work in diverse ways, hence the creation of art, song s or even science. The entertaining programs on TV can also connect people all around the world, especially through interactive programs. People can share their opinions, their thoughts about certain global issues, therefore, not only the understanding among countries is improved but also the problems at the time can be solved more easily.Through TV, several songs that bear peace messages, such as Heal the world,can spread to many people, evoking in them the wish for peace and humanity. To sum up, the educating purpose of TV cannot be denied, but is that all while there are also many programs on TV that are designed to make people laugh, cry, be content or sad? TV should be seen as a device that can both educate and entertain viewers, not just a exigent teacher who always forces his learners to be stressful with dry knowledge.

Nike – good or bad?

Nike is goodA factory called Samyang in Vietnam (a factory under Nike contract) seems to be retentivity satisfactory working levels within the building. It employs 5,200 people, most of them being women. The factory is made up of six big buildings with well-kept surroundings. Inside, there are fans keeping the workers cool, kick upstairs extinguishers about in the case of an emergency, and workers can easily access goggles, masks and gloves if they need them.Workers get double the local average of $54 per month and an annual inducement of at least one months salary. Other factories get a lot less in rural areas, factories pay $35 per month, in suburbs they pay $40 per month, and in cities, $45 per month. In state-owned factories (factories owned by the government), workers get a surprisingly low $15 per monthAll this money they are acquire has allowed most of them (three quarters) to buy a television, many to have a motorbike, some to have phones, etc. Not only does this improve their life, but it also allows some other businesses such as petrol stations, electronic repair shops, etc. to function properly and make money too. This is called the multiplier effect.Nike has made changes to improve health and safety. In 1998, it replaced the very hazardous petroleum-based solvents with less harmful water-based ones. In 1999, an expert in the field went to verify Nike had actually do this at the Tae Kwang Vina factory in Vietnam. The tec found that Nike had indeed replaced the compound and had also installed local exhaust ventilation systems. They also discovered that Nike had trained certain staff personnel aspects of health and safety.Nike is ruinousNike does not own the factories their clothes are manufactured in. This means they can leave at any time, leaving thousands of workers unemployed and fighting for their life season they find another job. For example, on February 22nd 2008, the BJ&J factory in the Dominic Republic announced that it was going to slowly fire workers and close. The factory, owned by Korean company called Yupoong, was making Nike caps at the time.In the Tae Kwang Vina factory mentioned earlier, some health and safety issues remained. some sections of the factory were still exposed to hazardous chemicals, and to high mania and noise levels. In 1997, it was found that workers in a different factory were being exposed to 100 times the legal limit of Toluene, a toxicant gas.Nike gets its clothes made in countries with free trade zones where it is illegal or extremely difficult for workers to organise into trade unions. It is practically impossible for workers to get go against conditions (such as better pay, improved health and safety, etc.) when they cannot get together and form a united group to approach their boss.However, this said, some factory workers have done it before and achieved what they were protesting for. The Ching Luh Nike factory has 21,000 employees, and in June 2008, after going on strike fo r 2 days, they managed to get Nike to increase their engages by $6 a month.Some people think that the minimum wage in countries is enough to survive because the cost of living in that particular country is lower too. The chart at a lower place proves this to be wrong with three primary countries that Nike manufactures in.Nike doesnt pay lots to its workers. In many countries, they live way under the predicted living wage. The table shows the average wage of all the factories in that country, and the living wage in each. The data presented is only an average. Some factory workers earn only $1.60 a day, where the price of three meals a day is $2.00.

Smoking Speech

Hi, the topic that I have chosen for my speech is that smoking causes death well thats a sensibly boring topic right . Im going to be talking virtually the main effects, how many mass die each grade things like that. So do you want to die before reaching the age of 30? 1. Smoking has a massive effect on wellness smoking causes around 5000 deaths in New Zealand each year. 1. 3 billion people smoke around the world. Smoking causes 1 in 4 pubic louse deaths in New Zealand including crab louses in the lung, mouth and throat which is where the smokes goes.When you breathe smoke, the smoke goes into your lungs and stars putting black tar into your lungs. This means it is harder to breath and your heart has to pump harder to confirm the oxygen around your body. That is bad for your heart. 2. Smoking is so dangerous why adoptt people stop? Stopping is more difficult than starting. Nicotine is addictive this means that the nicotine in the cigarettes makes you want more and more and yo u cant stop you keep wanting cigarettes. So you keep on buying more smokes and waste a lot of money.Even people who dont smoke may be killed by other peoples smoking. Around 350 New Zealanders are killed each year because of second hand smoking. 3. Everyday in Britain about 450 children start smoking, 1 in 4 who turn into regular smokers by the age of 15. Would you want your child to become addicted to smoking? Cigarettes smoke contains everyplace 4,800 chemicals and 69 are known to cause cancer. Why is smoking so harmful? 1. Nicotine is a highly addictive drug, which stimulates the nervous system. 2.Tar is a Sticky depicted object contains many toxic chemicals and causes cancer. The number of smoke related deaths is also equivalent to a jumbo jet crashing everyday of the year That is about 330 people each day, 120 thousand people every year. In 1994 over 1154 million cigarettes were smoked by 11 to 15 year olds. 30% of all cancer deaths are because of smoking. In conclusion I thi nk that smoking does cause death and I hope you agreed with me. So be wise and dont chose to walk the smokers path, thank you for listening and hoped you enjoyed my speech.

Analystics Analysis

Task IV Please analyze the theme of the poem, using the speech act hypotheses we have discussed in class. Please pay attention to the change of syntax in the second half of the poem. As the first part of the poem is imperatives and the theme of the poem is elegy, I firstly regard it as an advice or consolation, the poet advising others not to be bothered to find the traces of the person who died.A common condolence is generally soothing and pacifying, describing how the decedent will rest in peace, however, in this case the poet depicts with very unfavorable words, such as brittle, cold, and angry, which is by no heart and soul reassuring or encouraging. Then I guess maybe it is a lament in which the poet uses uncomfortable words to give full vent to his rue and resentment about his friends death.The second half of the poem changes from imperatives to declarative statements, depicting what happens to the deceased after the death. According to the poet, the deceased still doesnt ge t peacefulness but, luckily, becomes an integral part of nature. Taking the two parts into consideration, I think the poem is a lament at the beginning and a placation for both others and the poet himself in the end.ELEGY Leonard Cohen Do not look for him In brittle mountain streams They are too cold for any immortal And do not examine the angry rivers For shreds of his soft body Or turn the shore stones for his blood But in the warm salt ocean He is descending through cliffs Of slow green water And the hovering coloured fish Kiss his snow-bruised body And build their secret nests In his fluttering winding-sheet.

Spirit Airlines Strategic Choice and Evaluation

Strategic Choice and EvaluationThe next phase associated with strategy formulation is the strategic analysis and choice phase of the process. gibe to Pearce & Robinson (2013), Business managers examine and choose a business strategy that allows their business to maintain or create a sustainable private-enterprise(a) advantage (p. 238). Therefore, a business such as smelling Airlines should evaluate their current strategy and determine atomic number 18as of changement in order to grow the business in a way that aligns with their fellowship mission.The respiratory tract industry hosts a number of operative external factors that influence business strategies and resources. The purpose of this paper is to evaluation and present alternative strategies for musical note Airlines future growth as a play along. Furtherto a greater extent, the following paper will seek to identify the beaver look on check out for Spirit Airlines and in turn suggest a generic strategy and grand st rategic for the organization.Evaluation of AlternativesSpirit Airlines is universally known for its ultra-low- make up, low-fare airline armed services that return affordable sound opportunities throughout the United States, the Caribbean and Latin America (Spirit Airlines, 2012). Maintaining a strategically low-cost structure directly aligns with Spirit Airlines target market, which allows the familiarity to purport low priced basic services combined with a range of optional services for additional fees (Spirit Airline, 2012).The airline has earned a reputation for delivering cost effective fares and reliable on-time service with a no frills. In order to realize maximum growth, enhancements to the vivacious low cost strategy must be implemented to create a greater advantage in the market. Spirit Airlines has identified opportunities for growth with the release of the latest 10k Annual report. By the airlines own admission, the company is suffering with a failing reputation a nd insufficient client serviceinteractions (Spirit Annual Report, 2012).In addition, Spirit Airlines recognizes that its current conditions, if not even offed, will have a significant impact their competitive stance in the industry. The airline industry is highly competitive with respect to routes, fees and services and although Spirit is well known for displace fares, the fares altogether will not protect the company from the risk of future failure. The implementation of long term strategic goals will not only correct inefficiencies with the existing strategy, it will also focus on necessary improvements to help Spirit achieve its growth potential.Pearce & Robinson (2013) identifies the implementation of long term objectives as tools used to correct significant issues for the long run. Therefore, the solution will not only impact the present, but the future as well. According to Pearce & Robinson (2013), Strategic managers recognize that short-run realize maximization is rarel y the best woo to achieving sustained corporate growth and profitability (pg. 191). An evaluation of Spirit Airlines current issues with customer service and tilt warrants the use of value fields and new strategies.Value DisciplineBest value disciplines are similar to generic strategies however value disciplines place significant emphasis on professional customer value, using a selected discipline. The value discipline is comprised of three values operational excellence, customer intimacy or merchandise leadership (Pearce & Robinson, 2013). Previously it was naturalised that Spirit Airlines would need to improve customer service interaction to experience growth in the future and gain sustainability among competitors in the market. Of the three value discipline identified, customer intimacy is the strategy that would provide the most benefit for the organization. Spirit Airlines currently uses the operational excellence strategy, as the company focuses on providing its best val ue products at all times.Spirit Airlines product metrical foot consists of low fares, easy online booking, on-time service, deluxe leather seating and an expanding route selection. Spirit is able to offer these amenities at a low cost due to their reduced unit operating cost and other cost cutting strategies. For example, Spirit Airlines reduces hit expenses in the area of marketing as it utilizes its website and direct-to-consumer marketing to drive ticket sales (Spirit Airlines, 2013).The main focus of the airlines strategy is to deliver on its product base at competitively low prices by reducing overhead. While Spirit Airlines has perfected their operational excellence discipline, there is room for improvement in the customer intimacy strategy. According to Pearce & Robinson (2013), Customer Intimacy strategy continually tailors and shapes products and services to fit the increasingly redefined definition of customer service (p. 205). This strategy is precisely what Spirit Airl ines is lacking in their current business model strategy. Spirit Airlines contends that customer loyalty and intimacy are a huge risk for the organizations future conquest and their reputation (Spirit Airlines Annual Report, 2012).Customer intimacy strategy as it pertains to Spirit Airline will seek to better the companys reputation by positioning customer service activities with the business model, thereby responding quickly and professionally to customer needs. Additionally, the implementation of this strategy will drive the airline to place emphasis on the profitability of a loyal customer race as opposed to the revenue of a ticket sale.Generic StrategyGeneric strategies enable the implementation of long term objectives and provide a foundation for how the organization will best influence the market. Pearce & Robinson (2013) defines generic strategies as, A core idea about how a firm can best compete in the marketplace. (pg. 195). Generic strategy includes striving for low cost leadership within the industry, the promotion of differentiation methods to bring a remarkable image to the market and lastly, it impresses upon the importance of focus strategy in order to accommodate the needs of the market segment (Pearce & Robinson, 2013). Currently, Spirit Airlines utilizes the generic strategy of low-cost leadership to achieve and sustain their low cost position.According to the Spirit Airlines Annual Report (2012), Our operating costs per available seat mile is 10.09 cents, which is significantly lower than that of major network carriers, American Airlines, Delta, United, and US Airways, (p. 7). Spirit has successful achieved this with a low-cost leadership strategy that ensures high aircraft utilization, operation of a modern one fleet type of Airbus, which is associated with lower maintenance costs and efficient flight scheduling (Spirit, 2012). The company is consistently seekinginnovative cost savings ideas to improve processes and customer satisfactio n.Continuous improvement of Grand StrategyA grand strategy is a long tern plan that provides an organization with basic direction for implementing its long term goals. Additionally, grand strategies are imperative as they provide a basic timeframe for achieving long term business objectives. The grand strategy is comprised of 15 strategic principles concentrated growth, market development, product development, innovation, horizontal acquisition, vertical acquisition, concentric diversification, conglomerate diversification, turnaround, divestiture, liquidation, bankruptcy, joint venture, strategic confederations, and consortia (Pearce & Robinson, 2013).Spirit Airlines uses the innovation strategy to allow customers the freedom to choose buy-up options that appeal to them. Thereby unbundling packages and making it more affordable to travelers. This innovative approach is utilized to grow the travel market and stimulate new economic activity while creating new jobs, (Spirit Airlines, 2013 p. 1). According to the Spirit Airlines Annual Report, the organization lacks marketing alliances that may harm them in the future (Spirit Airlines Annual Report, 2012). Many airlines including American, Delta, United and US Airways have marketing alliances with other airlines down the stairs which they market and advertise their status as a marketing alliance (Spirit Airlines Annual Report, 2012).The Annual Report state, These alliances, such as One World, Sky group and Star Alliance, generally provide for code-sharing, frequent flier reciprocity, coordinated scheduling of flights to permit agreeable connections and other joint marketing activities. Such arrangements permit an airline to market flights operated by other alliance members as its own. This increases destinations, connections and frequencies offered by the airline. Our lack of marketing alliances puts us at a competitive disadvantage (Spirit Airlines Annual Report, 2012 p 18). Since one of Spirits long term ob jective is to gain a better competitive position in the market, the addition of a strategic alliance grand strategy would be best suited for the organization.Strategic alliances as described by Pearce & Robinson (2013) are, Partnerships that exist for a defined period during which partners contribute their skills and expertise to a cooperative project (p. 231). In the case of Spirit Airlines, the use of alliances between other organizations related to the airline industry would work to together to gain a mutual benefit. For example, Sky Team provides comprehensive access to an extensive global network with over 1,000 destinations for traveler to explore.SkyTeam partners with 19 airlines to provide travelers with a more flexible, convenient and beneficial travelling experience (SkyTeam.com, 2013). As part of Spirit Airlines long term objective a strategic alliance would break up the organization to a greater customer base, more routes and destinations. On the other hand, an organiza tion like SkyTeam also benefits as travelers utilize their services to book travel reservations.RecommendationSpirit Airlines is currently has the lowest per seat operating cost of any other domestic airline company however they are still confronted with strong competition in the industry (Spirit Airlines Annual Report, 2012). Therefore, additional strategy enhancements are needed to grow the company. After careful consideration of all strategies and value disciplines, it is recommended that Spirit Airlines utilizes the customer intimacy strategy to build brand and customer loyalty. As previously mentioned, an overhaul of customer service would be necessary to aid in relationship building technique between Spirit and its customer base.Another strategy recommendation previously mentioned is the implementation of a grand strategy used to determine the consort of action for many of Spirits long term goals. Specifically, a strategic alliance strategy is the most critical strategy, as i t will allow the company to expand the product selection with the help of a strong mutual alliance in the industry. This strategy is a more cost effective approach than spending millions of dollars on marketing campaigns.Thereby keeping operation cost low and pass-through the benefit onto the travelers. Spirit Airlines has been successful over the years with their current strategy, but competitive position will always be a risk. Therefore, the implementation of this strategy will add competitive leverage.

Rail Way Ticket Reservation

reject orientated schemas synopsis and institution (OOSAD) 15. 3. 3 OOA of Railway fine stockpile dodging Assume that domain compend is complete and DAD is ready for reference. The analyst also has a fair familiarity of the goerning body and the placement environment. For the sake of convenience and to reduce complexity at this stage in OOA, we ar ignoring certain conditions, constraints and features that the genuine dust may energize. For example, we atomic number 18 non considering terminatecellation of slates as a demand. We assume whole riders irrespective of their fount (senior citizen, military personnel, special category passengers etc. argon the same, and therefore atomic number 18 charged with the same f are. We produce with the statement of requirement of the strategy. u System Requirement l The passenger has a prior knowledge of the reservation and tattering system. The passenger arrives at the railway tag take and interacts with the counter shop assistant first with an enquiry and then follows the process of form filling, tendering, payment and collecting the tickets. l rider accepts the ticket or leaves the counter.l passenger seeks information on removede, train timings and availability of tickets. Passenger can have single ticket or multiple tickets. l Journey begins on a day and will be over with one break in between. l Passenger is identified by name, age, sex and address. l Trains are identified by name and number. l No receipt is issued for money transacted. l Output of the system is ticket(s) with details. l The process is triggered through a form filled by the passenger detailing the requirements of tickets, train, image, etc. l A form is mappingd for each train. If the journey requires practise of multiple trains, separate forms are single-valued functiond for each train. Identify the Actors The actors in the system are the passenger, the counter clerk and the reservation system consisting of form tre at, reservation, furthere computation, ticket processing, ticket printing, collection of fare meat and posting as sub-systems. The passenger is a passive useractor who initiates the process and obtains the ticket(s), a goal of measurable value. The counter clerk is an active useractor, who triggers the system and has the role of issuing the tickets with the responsibility of collecting the correct fare amount from the passenger, which is a measurable value.Predesigned and deployed ticket reservation system at the back end is a system actoruser to ensure that ticket processing is done correctly and different system preconditiones are up run acrossd on issuing of tickets. This actor has an active role and responsibility at the back end. u stop Business answer Model taciturnity and Issue of Tickets Based on the system observation by the analyst, a high-level body process diagram is drawn mold the process of reservation and issue of tickets to the passenger. The activity diagra m brings everybody concerned with the system on the ground to a joint understanding of the system as it functions.Object Oriented outline (OOA) +D=FJAH We use this activity diagram of the process to develop use circumstances, which in concert achieves the goal of issuing the ticket. Fig. 15. 3 Activity Diagram of Reservation and Issue of Tickets Passenger Comes to the payoff Collects the Reservation institute Writes Details Clerk Enters Form Details on the Screen Triggers Ticket Printing butt on Submits form to the Counter Clerk Validates, Verifies availableness Not OK OK Triggers exercise Process, Arrives at the Fare Amount Prints the Tickets Form Modified Not OKOK Issues Tickets *We do non see this as possibility in real world. Passenger may walk out of the system Collects Fare Amount Not OK * Confirms OK with the Passenger Triggers Update Process Attends To Next Passenger u Identify and Develop workout incases In the ticket reservation systems, users are the passenger , the counter clerk and the Reservation and Ticketing System (RT System). rent each user and identify the roles played, which would lead us to identify the roles played, which, in turn, would lead us to an denomination of use case. Table 15. shows the result of the process of identifying the use cases. The system has three users, eight roles and eleven use cases. To illustrate the process of identifying the use cases, let us take the passenger (a user of the system). A passenger as a user may play one or more of three roles. The roles are 1. Enquiring about the availability of tickets on particular dates to a destination and the fare per ticket. The role is enquiring. 2=HJ111 Object Oriented Systems Analysis and Design (OOSAD) Table 15. 1 Users? Roles? Use campaigns. User l Role l l lUse case l l l l l l l l l Passenger Enquiry Reservation and ticketing Cancellation Form data entry Requisition processor Ticket processor Data manager System server Enquire ticket availability and other details. constraint seats and berths, tickets Cancel tickets Enter Reservation Requisition Form Process requisition for booking Process ticket to print Submits ticket data for updation Process reservation data, process ticketing process cancellation Update the stance by date, train, etc. l Counter clerk l l l l l Reservation and ticketing system l 2.Reserving the ticket(s) on a particular train on particular date for a destination by requisitioning through a reservation form The role is reserving and booking tickets. 3. Cancelling the tickets afterwards issuing and payment The role is cancelling. As explained in the case of passenger, the roles are use cases. Similarly, one can probe into the roles and use cases for counter clerk and reservation and ticketing system. u Draw Interaction Diagrams Interaction diagrams are used to show the interactions between user/actor and the system. Use case is a scenario that develops through interaction. allow us model different scenarios through interaction diagrams Use Case enquiring on ticket availability 1. Passenger submits information about the date and train, and requirement of tickets to the counter clerk 2. Clerk checks the availability of tickets on the date and train. 3. Communicates the availability status to the passenger. 4. If OK, the passenger proceeds to book the ticket through a requisition form. 5. If not OK, the passenger changes the date or train and requests availability. 6. go 2 to 4 are repeated. type 15. 4 shows the steps in the activity diagrams of use case enquiry to issue of Tickets. Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) +D=FJAH Fig. 15. 4 Enquiry to Issue of Tickets Passenger Tells Date Train and Tickets Data Entered into RT System Not Available Puts New Date and Train RT Checks Availability Passenger Exits Available Fills Requisition Form RT Processes the Form Prints Tickets Tickets Issued and Fare Amount Collected Let us draw use case scenarios in use case diagrams for actor passenger. Use Case enquiry Fig 15. 5. Here use case goal is to convey the ticket availability status to the passenger on the requested date and train.If the status is available, the passenger proceeds to book the ticket or may leave the counter. If the status is not available, the passenger may leave the counter or seek availability for a new date or new train. l 2=HJ111 Object Oriented Systems Analysis and Design (OOSAD) Fig. 15. 5 Use Case Enquiry Enquiries on Availability Enters Requested Data in R&T System Passenger Uses R&T System to Check Reservation Counter Clerk Informs the Status on Availability l Use Case reservation and ticketing Fig. 15. 6. Writes Reservation Requisition Form & SubmitsFig. 15. 6 Use Case Reservation and Ticketing Passenger Form Data Entered Form Processed for Reservation & Ticketing Triggers Ticket Printing Collects Fare Amount and Issues Ticket Uses R&T System Uses Uses Reservation Counter Clerk Updates R&T Ticket Status Steps involved in this use case are 1. Passe nger writes reservation requisition form. 2. Submits to the counter clerk. 3. Counter clerk calls Form screen. 4. Counter clerk enters form data. 5. Triggers R and T processing. 6. On OK processing, triggers ticket printing. 7. Issues ticket to passenger. . Update the system status. So far we have completed two of the most common and frequently used use cases, i. e. enquiry and reservation and ticketing. The following use cases can be sculptured on similar lines. l Cancellation l Process reservation data Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) l l +D=FJAH Form data entry l Process ticketing Form processing l Process cancellation l Ticket printing l Status updation When the analyst has completed all use cases in the system, s/he has described and modeled the requirement of reservation and ticketing system.It is possible that in first go s/he may not be able to identify actors and thusly use cases. But s/ he will come across their presence in the modeling exercise, and will then go back and analyse further to introduce more actors and use cases. OOA is an a priori process. Use casedriven OOA up till now has given us broad system requirements in terms of use cases. The OOA model using use cases is to be packaged to model the system. Figure 15. 7 shows the packaging of use cases considered in the R and T system.Fig. 15. 7 R and T System Packaging RT System Enquiry Ticketing Ticket Availability Processing and Printing Reservation Uses Uses Cancellation Reserving Seats Cancellation and Refund Process Realise that though there are eleven use cases, we have grouped them under four major use case groups, namely l Enquiry l Ticketing l Reservation l Cancellation The remaining use cases are sub-use cases, or, in other words, these four use cases are further decomposed to bring clarity to main use case scenario.How many case scenarios are necessary to represent the system and then to spell out the requirement? There are no set rules or guidelines on this point. More use cases m ay not necessarily bring break up understanding or more clarity. A lot depends on users and developers level of comfort. What is definitely required is a use case for each major scenario that is, for enquiry, reservation, ticketing and cancellation. Use cases for different scenarios arising out of smaller input variations drive not be modeled.For example, cancellation could be part of a journey, 2=HJ111 Object Oriented Systems Analysis and Design (OOSAD) reduced number of tickets and so on. Amongst five recommended processes of analysis, use casedriven analysis for ascertaining system requirement is considered best as it considers users perspective of the system. When the system is modeled into different case scenarios it not only goes overcome to the level of function and features, but also reveals relationships and behaviours amongst different system components.Each use case scenario is an instance in the system that has clarity regarding goals and how they are to be achieved. The system can be decomposed from major use case at higher level going down to lowest level. This means that lower level use case scenarios together build the major scenario. In use casedriven analysis, so far we have only understood in addition to domain knowledge. l System scope (enquiry, reservation, ticketing and cancellation) l System players (users, actors) l Major functions and processes based as use case scenarios. Some idea on packaging system components for deployment. l System requirements at functional and process level. In short, so far in OOA, we have reached to some extent a situation in which the requirement analysis do so far can be put into a formal RDD document. We still have not reached the specifications level. This is possible when we go further, identifying classes, their relationship, attributes and methods. Use casedriven analysis, displayed in use case models, is a tooshie for moving into the step of identifying classes and designing classes.

Main functions of GO4IT Sports Essay

* The comp any(prenominal) has a wargonhouse which supplies goods to shops as well as to sports teams by brand parliamentary procedure* The company sells a wide range of sports goods in it shops this includes clothing, footwear and equipment for sports.* The shops also sell usage equipment however these large details be not kept in stock but atomic number 18 say from the supplier as require.* The company supplies match strips, to aver, in team colours for different sports* The company supplies other(a) team merchandise with team logo these are supplied through a situation order service.* change sports trophies which can be engraved if required.* The company also supplies sports clothing in bulk to schoolsDifferent types of customers for GO4IT SportsThe companys customers include* Schools* Sports teams for all sports much(prenominal) as football, rugby, tennis, athletics and golf* General customers* The shops which are supplied by the companys storage warehouseDescribe the functions of individually section deep down the shops and inquiry Office, passing particular(prenominal) attention to memorial tablet in shops and Human Resources in doubtfulness OfficeFunctions of each section inside the shopsAdministration* Each shop has a outgrowth Manager who has overall responsibility for the running of the shop.* The supporter motorbus and head of administration section cogitation directly the dissever manager.* The rung keeps account of the property taken through the EPOS terminals by comparing m integrityy stock with EPOS records.* The administration mental faculty suffer and send correspondence from the shop as well as receiving correspondence.* Organise for a booty to be engraved by contacting the local engraver.* E branding weekly orders for goods to the warehouse* Producing verification purchase orders for goods and service* Checking peaks against goods received and work done and passing these to Head Office for paymentClothing g ross gross revenue* The clothing gross gross sales section has a clothing sales manager who the clothing sales faculty and footwear sales staff report to.* Clothing Sales staff assist customers in choosing appropriate clothing and interpret advice for those who wish to purchase clothing* The footwear sales staffs assist customers and provide advice for those who wish to purchase footwear.Equipment sales* The Equipment sales section has an Equipment sales manager. The general sales staff and peculiar(prenominal)ist sales staff report to the Equipment sales manager.* The General sales staff operate the EPOS terminals, they scan the suspend edicts of e very items during purchase and handing of receipts.* The specialiser sales staffs provide assistance and specialist advice and information for customers purchasing more advanced equipment.Functions within the Head Office* The Managing Director of GO4IT sports is responsible for all aspects of the day to day running of the commer ce. The two music directors which are sales marketing director and the pay and administration director report to the managing directorSales and Marketing* The sales and marketing director is responsible for the direct order operation as well as advertising and promoting the business* A buying manager is responsible for locating the goods to be sold and negotiating contracts for their supply.* The buying manager ensures the right volume and type of goods are supplied at the right time to maximise profit.Finance and Administration* The Finance and Administration director is responsible for all other functions within the Head Office. This includes administration, Human Resources(HR) and finance* The Administration assistant, HR executive, chief accountant and ICT support executive report to the Finance and Administration directorFinance* Keep records of all financial transactions on the head office server, including the income from sales for each shop and mail order, payments for g oods purchased, payments for engraving contractors and staff wages.* Records are apply to produce monthly and annual accounts for shareholders and landlocked Revenue.* Generate VAT (value added tax) returns once a quarter for customs and excise.* Arrange for the amount overdue to be nonrecreational.Human Resource (HR)The functions of the HR Department are* Staff recruitment and training* Place advertisements for staff* Send out and receive application forms* Organise interviews and provide contracts for successful applicants* Keeping standard military force records on a database along with records of training courses attended by members of staff and any qualifications they obtain.* Determine what make headway training each staff member requires and how best to provide it* Book the member of staff on an external training course/ if many members require training organise for a trainer to gear the course in house.Task1Identify different types of supplier to the shops and warehou se and describe relationships between these suppliers and the departments/individuals within the companyWarehouseSupplierWhat is suppliedWho orders itHow and when it is orderedWholesalerClothing and footwearWarehouse manager ordain is made by fax once a month but can place special order by call off if stocks of a particular item falls faster then pass judgmentSpecialist manufacturersSports equipmentBuying ManagerThe buying manager negotiates contracts at the beginning of each season each by telephone or visit, for the supply of a certain quantity. discoversSupplierWhat is suppliedWho orders itHow and when it is orderedLocal Engraver(external Contractor) incised TrophyAdministration AssistantAdministration Assistant telephones local engraver. The engraver collects the trophy from the shop with a confirmation purchase order detailing work the required.WarehouseClothing and footwearAdministration staffBranch manager hands an annotated stock list to Administration staff who e-mails w arehouseTask 2An outline of the processes for recording sales in a shop and for mail order sales in Head Office.Shop instruction Required* Product bar tag or numerical code if bar code unreadable* Quantity bought* If sale is to be paid by confidence mental capacity* If paying by cash the Amount to be tenderedFrom where this is obtained and how it is captured* product code by barcode scanner* numerical code keyed in utilise a keypad* quantity keyed in by bank operator* credit dining table yes/no keyed inThe process and calculations required* look up item in com upchucking machine* march item name and scathe on screen* multiply outlay by quantity* if on sale, reduce organic price by 50%* display total on screen* if credit card = yes, generate credit card receipt for soupconThe form and content of any output* on-screen / display message* piece of music bowl receipt* paper credit card receipt* Contains prices. items, sales items highlighted with words ON SALE, store addr ess, time of sale, till operator nameMail Order in Head OfficeInformation Required* aggroup details e.g. team name, name and address of contact person, the sport, the colour(s) and design of shirt/vest, position of logo e.g. VTL(vest overtake left), picture of team logo and team make sense* Product colour* Product quantity required* Product code* blazon code/ X is entered If a non standard colour* Size and number of colours in logo* Amount of deposit paidFrom where this is obtained and how it is captured* Team details from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices much(prenominal) as keyboard and mouse* Product colour from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse* Product quantity required from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse* Product code from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse* Colour code/ X is entered If a non standard colour from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse* Size and number of colours in logo from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse* Amount of deposit paid from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse* Team logo captured using a scanner and stand alone computerThe processing and calculations required* look up item in computer* display item name and price on screen* Calculate price of embroidery by multiplying number of logos by price* multiply price by quantity* Calculate sub total if less than 100, 5 is added for cast and packaging* Calculate and add VAT to give total priceThe form and content of any output* on-screen / display message* Invoice* Contains prices. items, store address, store phone and fax number, date of sale, invoice number, team contact person details, sub total, VAT, total, Less deposit, total due.Task 3Outlining the current ICT carcasss used by GO4IT Sports, in particular, Finance within Head Office and Administration within a ShopAdministration within a shop* Each shop has a number of Electronic show up of Sales (EPOS) terminals with barcode readers and card readers.* Telephone connection to banking system* Small Local Area Network (LAN) of tether computers* Laser Printer* Branch managers computer acts as a server* Dial up modem package used includes* Word processing* Spreadsheet applicationsFinance within Head Office* Number of workstations* Local are network (LAN)* Single Server* Fast laser printer* Slower laser printer* forfend code reader* ISND lineSoftware used inclu des* Word processing* Spreadsheet applications* Database management software* blood line control softwareTask 3Analysing the purpose and operation of the main ICT systems used for sales in each shop and the ICT systems using within the warehouseShops* Each shop has an EPOS terminal with barcode readers and card readers. Stock data is held on dedicated server connected to the EPOS terminals.* There is also a telephone connection to the banking system for authorisation of the card payments.* The barcode reader is used to scan the barcode of each item and the product code it contains is used to look the product description and price from stock database* When items are scanned total price is calculated. This includes the VAT, the system calculates the net value of the items, and all of this is printed on the receipt.* If customer pays by cash, member of staff enters the amount tendered the EPOS terminal calculates the change due. This is printed on receipt and given to customer* If cus tomer wishes to pay by credit or debit card the member of staff swipes the card through the card reader. The card details are checked by the banking system and if the transaction is approved an authorisation code is transmitted to the EPOS terminal.* The authorisation Code and card details and amount debited are printed on receipt which is handed to customer to sign with card and items purchased.Warehouse* Stand alone computer* Scanner* information processing system controlled embroidery machine* Workstation* Laser printer* Stock control software has separate screens for incoming and surmount goods.* All goods have a product code which is contained in a barcode. When goods arrive in the warehouse the barcode of each product is read and the quantity entered via the keyboard.* This data is used to update stock database.* For every order picked up the staff use the barcode reader to input the product code and the keyboard to enter the quantity upstage from stock. These items are dedu cted from stock database.Task 3Recommending and explaining emendments/ extensions to shop systemsMethods for improving stock control and the re-ordering of stock, as well as integration of systems within GO4IT sports.* A dedicated server could be used instead of the differentiate managers computer acting as a server, if the branch managers computer crashes then that would leave the other computers stranded without a printer and no entre to the internet.* ISDN connection would improve communication giving workers a faster connection to send e-mails internally. Dial up connections are not as reliable and are slower so information being sent leave be limited due to connection speed of dial up.* There should be a centralised database put into place. This is where all the companys data is held in one place and the computers in the company are networked. This central database can be used by anyone within the company provided they have been given access through a password. This will be a very resourceful way of storing company data, as it will prevent the problem of data duplication.* Sales based ordering where automatic re-ordering takes place of goods from the warehouse using the sales information from the checkouts.* To increase the efficiency of communication between the supplier and GO4IT sports I would urge the introduction of EDI (electronic data interchange) the system is similar to email and allows users to exchange invoices, delivery notes, orders and receipts over the telephone network.Security* Log in pages requiring a specific unique user name requiring a mysterious password to track who logs on and off to restrict usersPossible problems for suggested improvements* One of the problems that may arise is the finance to cover the costs for the installation of the systems in place.* Also addition of bracing feature will signify that staff are not familiar with it and training for staff will be required.Benefits of using new technologyEDIAdvantages* I t is much faster, as work does not have to be printed, it is on the screen* The EDI system is easy to use and work can be sent off very easily* Information can be sent to other companies, in less then a few legal proceeding instead of days.* The company can be linked up with their bank, suppliers and customers.* Will minimize the amount of paperwork and business can be transacted much faster and more efficiently then is possible through the general post.Disadvantages* For EDI, computers are relied on, therefore if the systems go down it will have a huge of affect on the company.* It is very costly for the installation of EDI* The organization has to research into which system would be best for the companyEcommerceAdvantages* legal age of the work of GO4IT sports can be done just through the internet, making it much easier.* This would means a lot less people will have to be employed this will result in huge savings for the company as most transaction will be electronic.* Currentl y GO4IT sports uses a lot of time to get into contact with suppliers by using the telephone, which can be tedious due to the telephone being engaged by using e-commerce orders could be automatically electronically sent cracking to the suppliers.* Team contacts currently have to post the payment to the company, which is very time consuming and not very secure and with using ecommerce an electronic funds transfer could be made.* Promotion of the company can be improved as it is all online presentation of online advertising can be enhanced.* This will also enable the company to advertise their products online and also allow customers to purchase the products directly from the site using their debit/credit card. They can place the desired items in the virtual shopping trolley. The company can be full based on the internet, making it easier for the company and also for customers.Disadvantages* A close relationship between the retail merchant and supplier is required in order for the sy stem to work* Returning products online will prove to be difficult. The customer may be put off when these areas are taken into account. As the customer will question how to send the goods back to their source? Who pays for the return postage? Will the refund be paid? Will I be left with nothing? How long will it take? Compared to offline experience of locomote goods to a shop and it is frustrating for the customer.* Privacy, security, payment, identity, contract. Many issues arise privacy of information, security of that information and payment details, whether or not payment details (eg credit card details) will be misused, identity theft, contract, and, whether we have one or not, what laws and legal jurisdiction apply.MIS(management information systems)For the Buying Manager I would recommend the following improvements* MIS could produce an analysis of patterns of sales in the company* MIS would be able to identify peak production needfully* What if type questions could be ap plied to different patterns of salesThe features of the MIS system that could be used by the branch manager are* Production costs can be based on raw veridical costs* MIS could be used to carry out analysis automatically* Results could be displayed in graphs which are easy to understand* Monthly graphs could be produced of price comparison with competitors goods or services resulting from regular market research.* Planning, directing, controlling and forecasting decisions.Both managers would benefit from the following points of the MIS system* Warnings could be solidifying if production costs exceed budget.* Warnings could be set if stocks fall below fixed level.